Применение нержавеющей стали в промышленности азотной кислоты

Применение нержавеющей стали в промышленности азотной кислоты

Stainless steel is widely used in the nitric acid industry due to its excellent corrosion resistance. It plays a key role in manufacturing equipment and devices for producing or handling nitric acid.

Materials Used in High-Pressure Processes

In high-pressure nitric acid production, the following stainless steel grades are commonly used:

• 00Кр19Ни10: Utilized in all absorption towers and ammonia-air mixers.
• 0Кр18Ни10Т: Applied in various components.
• 0Cr18Ni11Nb: Used in exhaust gas burners.
• 0Кр25Ни20 (Нб): Also employed in exhaust gas burners.
• 1Кр17Н2: Suitable for high-speed parts in gas compressors due to its martensitic properties.

Corrosion Resistance in Different Concentrations

1. Azeotropic Nitric Acid (≨ 68.4%):
   • Conventional 18-8 Cr-Ni austenitic stainless steel does not provide satisfactory corrosion resistance.
2. Азотная кислота (≤ 85%):
   • 0Кр25Ни20 stainless steel is preferred for this concentration range.
3. High-Temperature or Concentrated Nitric Acid (with Cr+6):
   • High-silicon austenitic stainless steels are used for enhanced corrosion resistance. Примеры включают в себя:
     • 1Cr17Ni11Si4AlTi
     • 00Cr14Ni14Si4 (Из)
     • 00Cr17Ni14Si4 (Из, Нб)
   • Cr-Ni stainless steels with 5% к 6% silicon content are also effective.

Заключение

The choice of stainless steel in the nitric acid industry depends on the concentration, температура, and specific requirements of the application. Proper selection ensures durability and resistance to corrosion, enhancing operational efficiency.