416 Lembaran Tahan Karat
416 kepingan keluli tahan karat ialah a free-machining martensitic stainless steel dioptimumkan untuk high-speed machining and precision parts production.
Ianya high sulfur content improves machinability but reduces corrosion resistance and weldability. Compared to austenitic grades like 304, it is better suited for mechanical components rather than corrosive environments.
- Penerangan
416 kepingan keluli tahan karat ialah a keluli tahan karat martensit direka untuk kebolehmesinan yang sangat baik. It is a free-machining grade derived from 410 keluli tahan karat, with the addition of sulfur to improve cutting performance.
It combines moderate corrosion resistance with high machinability, making it widely used for precision-machined components.
Komposisi Kimia bagi 416 Keluli Tahan Karat
Julat Komposisi Biasa
| unsur | kandungan (%) |
|---|---|
| Chromium (Cr) | 12.0 – 14.0 |
| Karbon (C) | 0.08 – 0.15 |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.15 – 0.35 |
| Mangan (Mn) | ≤ 1.25 |
| silikon (Dan) | ≤ 1.0 |
| Fosforus (P) | ≤ 0.06 |
Ciri Komposisi Utama
- Chromium (12–14%) menyediakan rintangan kakisan asas
- Higher sulfur content significantly improves machinability
- Kandungan karbon allows heat treatment for increased hardness
Sifat Mekanikal bagi 416 Lembaran Keluli Tahan Karat
| Harta benda | Nilai Biasa |
|---|---|
| Kekuatan Tegangan | 500 – 750 MPa |
| Kekuatan Hasil | ≥ 275 MPa |
| Kekerasan (disepuh) | ~200 HB |
| Kekerasan (Mengeras) | Up to 35–40 HRC |
Ciri-ciri Prestasi
- boleh jadi heat treated to achieve higher strength and hardness
- Moderate strength compared to other martensitic grades
- Lower ductility than austenitic stainless steels
- Good dimensional stability during machining
Kelebihan Utama 416 Keluli Tahan Karat
1. Kebolehmesinan Cemerlang
- One of the best machining grades among stainless steels
- Sulfur inclusions act as chip breakers
- Ideal for high-speed machining and mass production
2. Boleh Dirawat Haba
- Can be hardened through quenching and tempering
- Suitable for applications requiring rintangan haus
3. Sifat Magnetik
- Magnetic in all conditions (martensitic structure)
Rintangan Kakisan
416 tawaran keluli tahan karat rintangan kakisan sederhana, tetapi ia lebih rendah daripada 304 atau 316.
Gambaran Keseluruhan Prestasi
- Rintangan yang baik dalam dry and mild environments
- Rintangan terhad kepada:
- Moisture and humidity
- Acidic or chloride environments
- Sulfur addition reduces corrosion resistance
Syor:
Terbaik digunakan dalam machined parts where corrosion exposure is limited.
Fabrikasi dan Pemprosesan
Pemesinan
- Excellent machinability (rated up to 85% of free-cutting carbon steel)
- Produces clean, short chips
- Reduces tool wear and increases efficiency
Kimpalan
- Poor weldability due to high sulfur content
- Preheating and post-weld heat treatment required if welding is necessary
Membentuk
- Kebolehbentukan terhad berbanding gred austenit
- Not suitable for deep drawing or complex forming
Aplikasi Biasa bagi 416 Lembaran Keluli Tahan Karat
Precision Machined Components
- Aci dan gear
- Injap dan bahagian pam
- Pengikat dan bolt
- Bushings and fittings
Peralatan Perindustrian
- Automatic screw machine parts
- Motor components
- Bahagian instrumen
Automotive and Mechanical Use
- Engine components
- Transmission parts
- High-speed machined parts
416 lwn Gred Keluli Tahan Karat Lain
| Harta benda | 416 | 410 | 304 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kebolehmesinan | Cemerlang | Sederhana | miskin |
| Rintangan Kakisan | Sederhana | Sederhana | Cemerlang |
| Rawatan Haba | ya | ya | Tidak |
| Kebolehkimpalan | miskin | Lebih baik daripada 416 | Cemerlang |
| Application Focus | Pemesinan | Tujuan umum | Rintangan kakisan |
