- Descripción
Stainless steel grades 446 y 405 son ferritic stainless steels with specific characteristics suitable for high-temperature and moderate corrosion environments.
1. 446 Acero inoxidable
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Material Type: Acero inoxidable ferrítico
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High Temperature Performance: Can withstand impact temperatures up to 1090°C
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Aplicaciones típicas: Steam boiler furnace parts, oil burners, intercambiadores de calor, kiln linings, glass molds, and fixed soot blowers
Forja & Tratamiento térmico
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Forja: Preheat uniformly to 815–870°C, then raise to forging temperature range ~1120°C. Perform forging below 900°C. Air cooling and annealing are recommended for forged parts.
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Recocido: Conduct annealing at 760–830°C, followed by cooling. Avoid soaking or slow cooling between 370–525°C to prevent embrittlement.
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Tratamiento térmico: Cannot be hardened by standard heat treatment.
Mecanizado & Soldadura
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Mecanizado: Can be machined similarly to 442 acero inoxidable; carbide tools are preferred.
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Soldadura: Standard fusion and resistance welding methods are suitable. Preheat and postheat between 150–315°C. Usar austenitic filler metals como 310 o 312 stainless steel to maximize weld ductility.
2. 405 Acero inoxidable
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Material Type: Acero inoxidable ferrítico
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Resistencia a la corrosión: Ligeramente inferior a 430 acero inoxidable ferrítico, comparable to 410 acero inoxidable, but with mejor soldabilidad
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Aplicaciones típicas: Similar to low-chromium ferritic steels; suitable for mildly corrosive environments
Forja & Tratamiento térmico
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Forja: Can be forged in the range 815–1120°C and air-cooled. Aluminum is added to prevent hardening during high-temperature cooling.
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Recocido: Heat parts to 780°C, soak, then air-cool. Cannot be hardened by heat treatment.
Mecanizado & Soldadura
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Mecanizado: Comparable to other ferritic stainless steels; better mechanical machinability than austenitic stainless steels
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Soldadura: All normal fusion and resistance methods are suitable. Aluminum addition improves weldability by preventing hardening during weld cooling
Summary Table – 446 vs 405 Propiedades del acero inoxidable
| Característica | 446 Acero inoxidable | 405 Acero inoxidable |
|---|---|---|
| Stainless Steel Type | ferrítico | ferrítico |
| Maximum Service Temp | 1090°C | Moderate temperature |
| Resistencia a la corrosión | Bien | Moderado, similar a 410 |
| Aplicaciones típicas | Calderas, burners, intercambiadores de calor, hornos, glass molds | Mildly corrosive environments |
| Forging Temperature | 815–870°C preheat, 1120°C forging | 815–1120°C |
| Temperatura de recocido | 760–830°C | 780°C |
| Tratable térmicamente | No | No |
| maquinabilidad | Moderado (utilizar herramientas de carburo) | Mejor que los aceros austeníticos |
| Soldabilidad | Fusión & soldadura por resistencia; pre/postcalentamiento 150–315°C | Fusión & soldadura por resistencia; mejorado por aluminio |
